Al2O3 IVSpectroscopy fluoroaalkane EFM Copolymer Composition Aggregated_molecules Vanadate Au111 Lateral_Force_Microscopy HydroGel Pores Tungsten_disulfide amplitude_modulation Wafer lift_mode DeoxyribonucleicAcid ForceVolumeImage single_layer Sapphire NUS_Physics Sphere aluminum_nitride Chromium Tin disulfide MechanicalProperty ConductiveAFM Aluminum MolybdenumDisulfide Temasek_Lab GlassTemperature dielectric_trench VinylAlcohol ScanningKelvinProbeMicroscopy CuSubstrate