UTEM Lateral_Force_Microscopy single_layer MultiferroicMaterials PatternedSapphireSubstrat Formamidinium_lead_iodide Varistor Ptfe ConductiveAFM UnivCollegeLondon AtomicLayer Christmas Graphite hydrocarbon Plug contact TungstenDeposition AmplitudeModulation Aluminium_Oxide Silver Calcite multi_layer Molybdenum_disulfide UnivMaryland CaMnO3 PDMS Magnetic Force Microscopy DeflectionOptics AEAPDES HanyangUniv Steps University_of_Regensburg Microchannel Pores frequency_modulation