PVAC Stiffness solar_cell Ucl BTO Semiconductor I-VSpectroscopy Electical&Electronics TyphimuriumBiofilm YttriaStabilizedZirconia Jason VinylAlcohol LMF Gallium HOPG strontiu_titanate ForceVolume PUR LogAmplifier Sadowski HydroGel Wang BiasMode MultiferroicMaterials Ptfe STM Solar silicon_oxide flakes FuelCell Conductivity MonoLayer Boundary ScanningIon-ConductanceMicroscopy Ram