PS_PVAC atomic_steps domain_switching Foil mechanical property ScanningKelvinProbeMicroscopy ThermalProperties Permalloy AnodizedAluminumOxide MBE gallium_nitride PhaseTransition molecules Varistor AtomicSteps IndiumTinOxide CuSubstrate SiWafer PVA Perovskite Logo Dental DOE silicon_oxide CalciumHydroxyapatite nanobar Formamidinium_lead_iodide Blood Pvdf TipBiasMode FAPbI3 piezoelectric force microscopy Alkane ferromagnetic PFM