Bismuth Current Copper NusEce GaP flakes NanoLithography SrTiO3 CP-AFM Lattice GlassTemp Flake CeNSE_IISc Vinylpyridine ScanningThermalMicroscopy VerticalPFM mechanical property CastIron PpLdpe Battery Granada rubber OpticalModulator Bacteria PolymerPatterns Temperature FrictionForce OpticalElement DeflectionOptics Reduction WPlug BaTiO3 YszSubstrate Praseodymium CalciumHydroxyapatite