Resistance Chungnam_National_University FrequencyModulation Pinpoint PFM Step Crystal HDD Microchannel Dental Chemical_Vapor_Deposition ScanningThermalMicroscopy Ucl PvdfBead AmplitudeModulation hydrocarbon plastic HardDiskMedia self_healing Phase Display MagneticForce Mapping VerticalPFM Silver kelvin probe force microscopy Ptfe MESA structure NTU ShenYang ThermalProperties OpticalElement LithiumNiobate BlockCopolymer I-VSpectroscopy Perovskite